Transformative change for a just and sustainable world is urgent, necessary and challenging, but possible, to halt and reverse biodiversity loss and safeguard life on Earth. It is required in order to respond to global environmental challenges and crises, including biodiversity loss, climate change and pollution. Promoting and accelerating transformative change is essential to meeting the 23 action-oriented global targets and the four goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework by 2030 and for achieving the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity, namely, a world of living in harmony with nature where “biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people”. The IPBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services defined transformative change as “a fundamental, system-wide reorganization across technological, economic and social factors, including paradigms, goals and values”. The Transformative Change Assessment builds on and further clarifies this definition, focusing on what transformative change means, how it occurs and how to promote and accelerate it for a just and sustainable world.