Transformative change focuses on addressing the root causes of biodiversity loss by reshaping the systems, values and behaviours that put pressure on nature. It strengthens the links between people and ecosystems and supports solutions that are fair, sustainable and grounded in real community needs. The IPBES Transformative Change Assessment shows that incremental actions are not enough, and that lasting progress depends on cooperation across knowledge systems and governance levels.

Unsustainable production and consumption patterns continue to degrade ecosystems and affect human well-being. Transformative change highlights the need for collective action and conditions that allow all actors to participate in decisions that shape biodiversity. When these conditions are in place, societies can design more resilient and equitable pathways that benefit both people and nature.