The Land Gap Report 2025 provides an updated assessment of land area required for carbon removal in climate pledges submitted to the UNFCCC up to November 2025. Pledged land for carbon removal now exceeds 1 billion ha – far beyond what is feasible or sustainable. This represents an increase from the Land Gap Report 2022 and the 2023 update which found that 990 million ha of land are required to meet climate pledges submitted by the end of 2023.
This report also assesses, for the first time, the scale of the ‘forest gap’ – the difference between commitments made over the past 15 years, to halt and reverse deforestation and forest degradation by 2030, and the actual plans that countries are putting forward in their NDCs and longer-term strategies. Current pledges result in a ‘forest gap’ of around 20 million ha projected to be lost or degraded each year by 2030.


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































