Insects comprise more than half of all described species in the animal kingdom and account for a considerable proportion of all biodiversity on the planet [1,2]. This great variability is due to the specificity of the genetic, morphological, and functional aspects that different insect species have developed to successfully cope with the complex and dynamic habitats in which they live.
Insects are referred to as pests or disease carriers that influence agriculture, human health, and natural resources. Many of them are also beneficial for humans, as they pollinate plants, produce useful substances, control pest insects, act as scavengers, and serve as food for other animals and, in the near future, possibly for humans too [3]. Furthermore, given their great biodiversity, insects are valuable objects of study in biology, evolution, and ecology. In fact, a large amount of scientific knowledge in genetics has been obtained from fruit fly experiments, as well as population biology in flour beetle studies. Insects are often used in investigations regarding hormonal action, nerve and sense organ functions, and many other physiological processes, and also as environmental quality indicators. Even if the causes of their remarkable diversity remain poorly understood, it has been suggested that herbivory may have accelerated diversification in many insect clades [4,5].
