1. The climate and biodiversity crises are fundamentally connected and more integrated approaches are needed to address them effectively. To directly tackle the interconnected factors behind them, actions which capitalize on the contributions of nature, commonly known as Nature based Solutions (NbS), can play a more central role.
2. The one-year delay in the 2020 Conferences of Parties to the UNFCCC and the CBD caused by the COVID-19 crisis provides a unique opportunity to bring new scientific advances to inform and strengthen the links between both international agendas and their national implementation. To facilitate the alignment and better understand the potential synergies between these agendas, there is a need to assess the role that achieving biodiversity conservation targets can play in efforts to mitigate climate change.
3. This report presents the first results of ongoing research aiming to inform progress by making explicit and quantifying the role that achieving biodiversity conservation targets can play in securing the emissions reductions needed to meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement. This report, the first output of this effort, looks at the carbon stocks associated with areas identified as possible priorities to meet proposed global biodiversity conservation targets.
4. The analysis presented here identifies the regions where global action will deliver the most to achieve post-2020 biodiversity conservation goals and mitigate climate change. It shows that the strategic choice of areas to be managed for conservation, increasing such areas to 30% of land globally, could safeguard more than 500 gigatons of carbon. When prioritizing areas for conservation management, taking account of biodiversity and carbon together can secure 95% of the biodiversity benefits and nearly 80% of the carbon stock that could be obtained by prioritizing based on either value alone.
5. These results reveal the high potential for maximizing synergies between biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation and highlight the usefulness of novel multicriteria optimization tools to guide decisions on where to implement NbS to maximize benefits for these two objectives. Such information can make a vital contribution to helping decision makers move from aspiration to ambitious and effective policies and concerted efforts to meet international commitments. It can also inform the inclusive decision-making processes involving indigenous peoples, local communities and other stakeholders that are crucial to operationalizing effective NbS.
6. In future, this work will advance beyond knowledge of carbon stocks to increase understanding of the impacts of both conservation and restoration action on greenhouse gas emissions from land-use and land-use change. Working with partners in a set of pilot countries, future research will adapt these analytical approaches to fit national circumstances and priorities to help guide national implementation of the  biodiversity and climate conventions.