Within the context of the Climate Change Adaptation Program (PACC), a number of scientific investigations on water resources, natural disasters, and perceptions by local people highlight adaptation needs in the regions of Cusco and Apurímac in Peru considering past, present-day, and future climate conditions. This chapter compiles their findings and attempts a systematic evaluation with respect to their contributions to climate change adaptation. The studies consistently find aggravating water scarcity during the dry season (April to September) due to projected precipitation decreases and reduced storage capacity of shrinking glaciers. Impacts include below-capacity hydropower generation and increased crop failure risks. For natural disasters, database inconsistencies prevent the detection of trends. While natural science studies have produced a new and more comprehensive understanding of the target regions, their implications for society have hardly been investigated anthropologically. One of the few social science studies emphasizes that climate change is only one out of many determinants of rural livelihoods in the target regions, which have not been addressed scientifically yet. We thereby find an imbalance of available scientific knowledge regarding natural vs. social sciences. Overcoming such imbalance would allow for more comprehensive integration of scientific findings into the design and implementation of adaptation measures within the local context.
