The following background document will support the first BES-Net Trialogue to be held in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina on 18-20 October 2017. The BES-Net Trialogues are multi-stakeholder dialogues among the three communities of policy, science and practice that focus on specific policy questions at the national and regional levels. The discussions in Sarajevo aim to support the uptake of the findings of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) assessment. The Trialogue will discuss key questions on how best to protect pollinators in order to ensure sustained agricultural and food production.