This study provides a short overview of the contributions that biodiversity for food and agriculture (BFA) makes to the delivery of ecosystem services. It is intended to complement material provided in the country reports submitted as inputs to the report on The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture (SoW-BFA). BFA is a subcategory of biodiversity taken for the purposes of the SoW-BFA (and in this thematic study) to correspond to “the variety and variability of animals, plants and micro-organisms at the genetic, species and ecosystem levels that sustain the ecosystem structures, functions and processes in and around production systems, and that provide food and non-food agricultural products.” The study considers a range of ecosystem services across the “provisioning”, “regulating”, “supporting”, “habitat” and “cultural” categories.