The French National Observatory for Biodiversity (Observatoire National de la Biodiversité) has developed a series of indicators to inform on the state and trends of biodiversity and on the relationship between biodiversity and society. It is also used to monitor the implementation of the National Strategy for Biodiversity. This indicator sheet describes the indicator for trends in average microbial biomass in mainland France soils: how it was built, what data is collected, and strengths and weaknesses of the indicator.