This paper provides an in-depth review of experiences and insights from mainstreaming biodiversity
and development in South Africa. More specifically, it describes how biodiversity considerations have
been mainstreamed in five key sectors/areas, namely: land use planning, mining, water, infrastructure, and
the agricultural sector. It discusses the types of barriers and challenges that have been encountered, the key
ingredients and lessons learned to help ensure more effective biodiversity mainstreaming, and the role of
development co-operation in supporting in mainstreaming in South Africa. Examples of the key elements
of success include good science, the ability to harness windows of opportunity, and ensuring genuine links
to development objectives.
