The role of coastal biodiversity conservation on sustainability and environmental awareness in the mangrove ecosystem of southern Malang, Indonesia.Biodiversitas 22:648-658.The southern coast of Malang, East Java, Indonesia has several mangrove ecosystems used for ecotourism, such as Clungup Mangrove Conservation Tiga Warna(CMC Tiga Warna). This area has consistently implemented ecotourism principles. Previously, it was assumed to be vulnerable to damage due to differences in environmental awareness of ecotourists and local communities. This study aims to(i) describe the strategy of coastal biodiversity conservation to enhance environmental awareness and its sustainability;(ii) analyze the role of conservation on sustainability and environmental awareness, with sustainability as a mediating variable between conservation and environmental awareness. Data analysis was conducted with descriptive and Warp Partial Least Square(WarpPLS). The results indicate that empirical facts of conservation, sustainability, and environmental awareness in CMC Tiga Warnaare relevant to the result of statistical analysis. Conservation is believed to form the environmental awareness of ecotourists and local communities and to maintain the sustainability of ecotourism destinations. In addition, the sustainability of ecotourism destinations serves as an effective mediator between conservation and environmental awareness, along with the modeling of environmental awareness enhancement in conservation-based coastal ecotourism. The proposed model explains that sustainability and environmental awareness variances are 23% and 25%, respectively. In summary, the Destination Marketing and Management Organization of CMC Tiga Warnaecotourism is believed to improve the environmental awareness of ecotourist and local communities by strengthening coastal biodiversity conservation programs in ecotourism areas and in maintaining sustainability.
