Post-mining landscapes are examples of large-scale disturbances to ecosystems, and reclamation is of worldwide interest and concern. In central and eastern Europe, coal still plays a key role in the energy mix. In particular, open strip mining strongly influences the disturbance to the Earth’s surface and hydrological conditions. Large portions of post-mining sites are reforested because forest restoration establishes the existence of an ecosystem that is sustainable over the long term, which ensures landscape and environmental profits. The success of reforestation depends on the adaptations of the tree species to the newly formed reclaimed mine soils, which are characterised by highly changeable chemical and physical soil properties with significant spatial variability in terms of habitat conditions. Thus, in recent years, interest in tree species selection and adaptation to post-mining sites has grown. This review presents information on the consequences of mining extraction and reclamation management with a special focus on the idersity of mine soil substrates. Examples of soil reconstruction techniques, variation in mine soils and reclaimed sites undergoing reforestation and forest management are discussed based on the usefulness of the tree species commonly used for reclamation in central and eastern Europe, such as Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), European oak (Quercus robus L.) and alders (Alnus ssp.). The species response to mine sites is discussed in terms of tree growth, morphology, biomass, root system reaction and macronutrient supply. The general recommendation is that the introduced reforestation methods should be closely related to the desired quality of soil substrates and shares of species from various functional groups. Pioneering, target and phytomelioration species should be selected not only on the basis of their assumed roles but also according to assessments of the response of these species to the habitat conditions at post-mine sites.