This report presents the first global assessment of biodiversity for food and agriculture (BFA). It complements other global assessments prepared under the auspices of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (see Box 1), which have focused on the state of genetic resources within particular sectors of food and agriculture. The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture (SoW-BFA) addresses the sustainable use, development, and conservation of BFA worldwide. BFA is taken to include the diversity of animals, plants, and micro-organisms at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels that sustain structures, functions, and processes in and around production systems and provide food and non-food agricultural products.