To reverse the accelerating degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem services (‘nature’) and climate [1,2], the Con vention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) will hold major meetings in 2021. We argue that, as a critical priority, countries need to design and implement integrated national strategies to achieve the goals of the three Rio Conventions (includ ing the UN Convention to Combat Desertification—UNCCD) using spa tially explicit analyses and policies. This integration can maximize co-benefits and help manage trade-offs to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Nature-based solutions (NBS) provide an important framework for such integration.
